1. aid=help vt. 援助，扶助 , 帮助   aid sb. to do = help sb. (to) do帮助某人做某事

他帮我找到书。He aided me to find the book.

aid sb. in/with 在某方面或为某事帮助  我资助了他。I aided him with money.

Vi. 援助，帮助 ~ in doing sth.   他们帮我解决了这个问题。They aided in solving the problem.

n.帮助，援助；帮助者；有帮助的事物  书籍对我帮助极大。Books are great aids to me.

first aid 急救/hearing aid助听器/teaching aids教具/visual aids直观教具in aid of 为了……

他们为了癌症研究募集资金。They collected money in aid of cancer research.

With the aid of = with the help of = with one’s help (aid) 在某人的帮助下

n       辨析：aid与help

相同点：aid与help作动词时，都有“帮助”之意，有时可通用。如：I aided him in his work.= I helped him with his work.

不同点：aid是比较正式的用法，较为庄重，在日常生活中不多用； help则含义较广，特别在日常生活中用的较多，几乎所有用aid的地方都可以用代替。但在表示“救护”时，用aid不用help

2. drown vt. /vi.   die in water because one is unable to breathe/sound be louder or   stronger than…

drown oneself in work  埋头工作,devote oneself to/bury oneself to/lose oneself to专注于/埋头于

drown oneself  投水自杀get/ be drowned   被淹没/溺死      drown one’s sprrows  借酒浇愁

a drowned/drown boy  溺死 的男孩  a drowning boy   落水的男孩

drown vt. 常用于被动语态：be/get  drowned

1）使淹死; 把…淹死 他试图使她淹死在浴缸里。 He tried to drown her in a bathtub.

那个人投湖自杀了。The man drowned himself in the lake.

2）淹没；淋透    那次大洪水把许多房子淹没了。The great flood drowned many houses.

街道被洪水所淹没。The streets got drowned by the flood.

3）沉溺于，埋头于；(in)  他埋头工作。He drowned himself in work.  他对钓鱼着了迷。He is drowned in fishing.

4）用声音淹没声音      飞机的噪音淹没了她的声音。The noise from the plane drowned (out) her voice.

听众的欢呼声淹没了教授的声音。The cheers of the audience drowned the professor's voice.

Vi.溺死   那人淹死在河里。The man drowned in the river.

He fell from a bridge and drowned.  他从桥上掉下去淹死了。

3.bleed vi. (bled; bled) lose blood    e. g. His nose bled last night.   The cut on his leg was bleeding badly.
bleed for为…而流血/悲     bleed sb. white 榨干血汗，榨完钱材  bleed to death 出血过多死亡
bleeder n.易出血的人    bloody adj.流血的  bloodily  adv.专满血迹地  bloodless adj.贫血的， blood n.血

bleed vi. 出血，流血; (指内心) 悲痛  伤口开始流血。The cut began to bleed.

他在流鼻血。His nose is bleeding. / He was bleeding at/from the nose.

他们在为国家流血牺牲 。They bled for their country.

我为这个可怜的孩子感到心痛。My heart bleeds for the poor child.

4. choke vi./vt.    cause to stop breathing by squeezing  or blocking the windpipe vt. 使窒息；（因某物塞住气管或感情激动而至）呼吸困难/他把她掐死了。He  choked her to death. 这烟几乎使我窒息。The smoke almost choked me.

泣不成声。Her voice was choked with sobs.   鱼刺卡在喉咙里choke on a fish bone

5. catch fire: begin to burn失火/着火（表动作, 不可与一段时间连用）

  be on fire: be burning失火/着火/在燃烧（表状态,可与一段时间连用）

 e. g. The house caught fire last night.            The house is on fire.

set … on fire使…燃烧/着火  ,放火烧…  set fire to  放火烧… make a fire生火 /put out a fire灭火

light a fire点火 /play with fire玩火

6. container   n.容器，集装箱   Is that container large enough to hold all the books ?

contain vt.里面（装）有，包含，含有  His paper contained no mistakes at all. The plate contains a variety of fruit.

两者都可指“含有、容纳”；contain指客观情况， 即实际“含有、容纳、装有、包括”等；hold指可能性，“（能）容纳、（能）装”等。My purse _________ little money.   This book __________ all the information you need.

This theatre ________ 1000 persons.

7. electric adj. using electrical power 电的,发电的.

Eg. an electric current电流an electric wire 电线 an electric light电灯

electrical  adj. of/concerned with electricity电的，电气科学的  eg. electrical engeerining电机工程

e. g. I want to buy an electric fan.   This machine has an electrical fault.

electronic  adj. 电子的   electronic control电子控制    an electronic digital computer 电子数字计算机

electronic organ 电子琴       electricity   n.

8. upside down ----overturned 颠倒地, 杂乱地

（1）颠倒turn sth. upside down.使 某物倒装过来 (2)  混乱的，骚乱的 eg.Don’t hold the box upside down.

The picture was hung upside down.    The kite hang upside down from a tree.

 inside out表里相反   eg.He wore the sweater inside out.      He put his shirt on inside out.

9. witness vt.目睹;目击;为…作证Did you witness the accident?你亲眼看到那次事故了吗?

He witnessed the truth of my statement.  他证实了我的陈述真实。

至少15人目击了那次抢劫案。At least fifteen people witnessed the robbery?

我们是这个城市巨大变化的见证人。We witnessed great changes in the city.

witness to“为…作证;出庭证明;证明;说明; 其中to是介词,后接名词或动名词eg. witness to a fact为事实作证

Many people witnessed to the events of that evening.  很多人作证,证明那天傍晚发生的事件。

他作证看见那人那走了那些钱。She witnessed to seeing that man take the money.

她写的材料证实了她能力。The material she writes witnessed to her ability.

n. 证据;目击者 (=eyewitness)目击者; 证人; 证据

The police found the witness to the murder case.   警察找到了那件谋杀案的目击者。

His anxiety was a witness to his love for her. 他的担心证实了他对她的爱。

他是这次事故的目击者。He is a witness to the accident.

witness   vt., vi. 亲眼看见，目睹；表示，表明   witness the accident亲眼看见那个事故

10.   Keep/bear…in mind记住(=learn sth. by heart)    请记住这些规则。Please keep these rules in mind.

我会记住你给我的指导.I’ll keep in mind the instructions you have given me.

有一件事你要牢记.There is one thing that you must always keep in mind.

请记住, 这点汽油仅能维持两个小时.Keep in mind that the petrol can only last 2 hours.

你要记住他比你小得多.You must keep in mind that he is much younger than you.

n       keep in touch with sb.与…保持联系     keep one’s balance保持…平衡

n       keep the balance of nature保持生态衡   keep a record of保持成绩,保留…的记录

n       keep sth. a secret对…保密             keep fit=keep healthy保持身体健康

n       keep sb./sth. out of 把…挡在外面       keep off the grass勿踏草地

11. calm adj. (指天气）平静的，无风的；（指海洋）无风浪的；(指人) 沉着的，冷静的, stay calm-----not get upset

a calm voice   平静的说话声  a calm sea   风平浪静的海洋     calm weather   无风的天气

那是个无风无云的天气。It was a calm and cloudless day.

她碰到紧急事件时, 总是保持镇定。He always keeps/stays calm in an emergency.

Vt.使平静；使镇定；calm oneself 使自己镇定下来.    母亲使孩子安静下来。The mother calmed her child.

vi.平静下来；镇定下来 ~ (down)   海上风平浪静了。The sea calmed down.

哭闹的小孩子一会儿就安静下来。The crying child soon calmed down.

12. panic V.  (panicked/panicking) the opposite of to stay calm (使人或动物)受惊

枪声惊吓了马。The gunfire panicked the horse.   不要惊慌。Don’t panic. There is no danger.(v)

人们听到枪声感到惊慌。The crowd panicked at the sound of the guns.

n.恐慌, 惊慌    在惊慌中    be/get in panic  群众陷入恐慌状态。The crowd was in a panic.

那场大火在戏院中引起一阵恐慌。The fire caused (a) panic in the theatre.

她在惊慌中打电话给医生。She phoned the doctor in panic.

I got into a panic when I found the door was locked .     The fire caused a panic in the theatre.(n) 

be at panic stations惊惶失措    be seized/struck with (a) panic惊惶失措     get up a panic引起恐慌

13. response n. （to）回答；作达；响应     我还没有回信。I've had no response to my letter.

对我们的求援没有反应 no response to our call for help

他对我的问题没作答复。He made/gave no response to my question.

in response to “回答; 回应”    她应敲门而开门。He opened the door in response to a knock.

V. respond 回答;应答;常与介词to搭配   他没有回答我的问题。She didn’t respond to my question.

她对我的提议报之一笑。He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.

我表示愿意帮助他,但他没有回应。I offered to help him, but he didn’t respond.

responder n.回答者/responsible adj.有责任的　/responsibility n.责任，职责

respond to a letter 回复一封信respond to a question回答问题   respond with a smile以微笑回答

respond with a blow报以一击    in response to回答，回应    a sense of responsibility责任感

be responsible for对…负责    take the responsibility for负起…的责任

14. conscious adj. 神志清醒的；意识到；有意的; 察觉的   be conscious of sth./that 意识到……

他受了伤，不过神志还清醒。He is hurt but still conscious.我知道她在场。I was conscious of her presence.

我相信自己做得不错。I am conscious that I have done right.

Consciousness  n. recover consciousness 恢复知觉

15. revive vi. 苏醒, 复活; 复兴   她开始慢慢地苏醒过来。She began to revive slowly.

这些花在水中会再活。These flowers will revive in water.

Vt.使苏醒, 使复活     新鲜空气很快就使他苏醒过来了。The fresh air soon revived him.

水会使那些玫瑰起死回生。Water will revive those roses.

16. in honour of 为纪念．．．，为庆祝，  show honour to sb.　想某人表示敬意 for the honour of　为了…的信用

an honoured guest　贵宾 feel honoured to do sth.因做某事而感到荣幸 Will you me with a visit?可否请你光临？

I have the honour to inform you that我很荣幸地通知你…

It is a great honour for sb. to do sth.对某人很荣幸地做某事

in memory of　为了纪念    in praise of　为了歌颂/赞美      in need of　需要     in search of　寻找

in favour of　赞同    in place of 代替  in celebration of 庆祝   in charge of　负责  in possessions of　拥有

17. in case   in any case无论如何，总之：不管已经或将要发生什么
in case如果发生；如果; 以防万一(后面从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时)
in case of如果发生; 以防万一发生(后面接名词（词组），不接动名词) 如in case of fire
Take along an umbrella  in case it rains./ in case of rain.   Take along an umbrella, just in case.

18. On the way＝around the corner  即将 到来   The new machine you ordered is on the way.

18. His words were ____ out by loud cheers from the crowd.   A. drowned  B. crowded   C. expressed D. cried

These facts are a witness __his ignorance (无知)。  A. on        B. at         C. to          D. for

There is no response ___ our call ___ help.      A. for; for;   B. to; to;      C. to ,for     D. for; to

I aided her ___ her study.   A. with continuing     B. to continue   C. of continuing     D. for continue

They collected much money ____ the sick.          A. help    B. aided     C. in aid of    D. in aid 

My heart bleeds ____ the starving children.         A. to        B. at           C. on             D. for

I got into ____ when I found the house was on fire.  A.  anger  B.  tension (紧张)  C. panic   D. loneliness 

One must be conscious ______ one’s shortcoming (短处). A. at    B. of     C. to       D. with

1 do/ give/ offer first aid to sb.对某人进行急救   go to sb’s aid援救某人

在某人的帮助下 with the aid of sb== with sb’s aid
2 get/ be drowned被淹没/溺死    drown one’s sprrows借酒浇愁

a drowned boy溺死 的男孩   a drowning boy落水的男孩 
3 be on fire失火/着火/在燃烧（表状态,可与一段时间连用）

catch fire失火/着火（表动作, 不可与一段时间连用）
   set … on fire使…燃烧/着火   set fire to  放火烧…
4 reach  v./ n.伸手够     within sb’s reach / within the reach of sb 在某人够的着的范围之内
 out of sb’s reach/ out of the reach of  sb. 在某人够的着的范围之外，某人够不着
5 electric wire 电线 

1．upside down    （1）颠倒turn sth. upside down.使 某物倒装过来 (2)  混乱的，骚乱的
2.  witness   vt., vi. 亲眼看见，目睹；表示，表明      n. (=eyewitness)目击者; 证人; 证据
  witness the accident亲眼看见那个事故     a witness to the accident事故的目击者   

3． in an emergency 在紧急情况下  

4 .keep/ bear in mind记住   

5． keep/ stay/ remain calm保持平静   calm down 平静下来

6 be/get in a panic 陷入恐慌         cause (a) panic引起恐慌         in panic惊慌地      
7.  make/gave no response to对…不作回答/反映     in response to 回答…..; 回应

8 .be on the way即将到来

（例如：be on the way to success 即将成功   be on the way to recovery/ getting well逐渐康复）   
9. check that= check to see that/ if 检查是否

within/ in five minutes在五分钟之内make things worse使情况/形势更糟
10 .be conscious of 或be conscious that知道/ 意识到/ 感到… recover consciousness 恢复知觉

1.       woven material纺织材料 2. the well-known cancer expert 著名的癌症专家 

2.       carry out 执行

4. in honour of为了纪念/尊敬  

（in memory of为了纪念in praise of为了歌颂/赞美      

in need of需要in search of寻找）
5. find oneself in a situation  发现自己不知不觉处于某种状态
  find oneself in some place .发现自己在某地/己不知不觉来到某地         

find oneself doing sth.    发现自己不知不觉在做某事
6 . in any case无论如何，总之：不管已经或将要发生什么
   in case如果发生；如果; 以防万一(后面从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时)
   in case of如果发生; 以防万一发生(后面接名词（词组），不接动名词) 如in case of fire
Take along an umbrella  in case it rains./ in case of rain.     

Take along an umbrella, just in case.
7 .wear out磨坏，穿坏；使精疲力竭；忍耐已到尽头   be  worn out磨坏，穿坏；精疲力竭；忍耐已到尽头
8. spit out吐出    throw up呕吐     

9. a list of 一张…的清单